在与前端页面交互时,经常需要传递json字符串数据,我们可以使用JSONObject来处理json字符串。
需要导入2个jar包:
fastjson-1.2.2.jar,fastjson-1.2.2-sources.jar
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.*;
作为测试,先准备几个字符串数据:
private String s1 = " {\"AreaName\": \"北京\",\n" +
" \"CityId\": 110100,\n" +
" \"NoMarket\": false,\n" +
" \"OldCityId\": 646,\n" +
" \"Pinyin\": \"beijing\",\n" +
" \"ProvinceId\": 110000}";
private String s2 = "[\n"+
" {\"name\":\"tom\",\"age\":18,\"gender\":\"男\"},\n"+
" {\"name\":\"lily\",\"age\":19,\"gender\":\"女\"},\n"+
" {\"name\":\"hanmeimei\",\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"女\"}]";
private String s3 = "{\"id\":1, \"from\":\"xiaoxin\", \n" +
" \"result\":[\n" +
" {\"age\":18,\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"tom\"},\n" +
" {\"age\":19,\"gender\":\"女\",\"name\":\"lily\"},\n" +
" {\"age\":17,\"gender\":\"女\",\"name\":\"hanmeimei\"}]}";
private String s4 = "{\"age\":18,\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"tom\"}";
private String s5 ="[1,2,3,4,5]";
我们需要使用JSONObject.parse(),JSONObject.parseArray(),JSONObject.parseObject()三个方法来转换json数据,JSONObject.parse()获得后的数据需要强转为JSONObject才能进行下一步操作。
json字符串转为JSONObject对象后,操作数据与map类似,使用get()方法来获取数据,也可以使用getInteger(),getString()…等方法来获取数据。
若要转换为java对象,则需要创建一个有相应字段的类,下例中为User类
@Test
public void test1(){
//json字符串转json对象,与map类似
//只写parse,需要强转,写parseObject,则直接得到JSONObject
JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parse(s1);
System.out.println(jsonObject);//{"AreaName":"北京","CityId":110100,"NoMarket":false,"OldCityId":646,"Pinyin":"beijing","ProvinceId":110000}
//从json对象中获取值
String areaName = jsonObject.getString("AreaName");
System.out.println("----------------");
System.out.println(areaName);
System.out.println(jsonObject.getInteger("OldCityId"));
System.out.println(jsonObject.get("CityId"));
System.out.println("----------------");
//遍历jsonObject
jsonObject.forEach((key,value)-> System.out.println(key+"->"+value));
//将字符串转换为java对象
User user = JSON.parseObject(s4, User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
User类:
public class User {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int age, String gender) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.gender = gender;
}
}
转换json数组,需要使用 JSONObject.parseArray()方法,转换为JSONArray类,之后的操作方法与操作ArrayList类似。
@Test
public void test2(){
//json对象数组字符串转json对象数组,相当于ArrayList
JSONArray jsonS2 = JSONObject.parseArray(s2);
System.out.println(jsonS2);//[{"age":18,"gender":"男","name":"tom"},{"age":19,"gender":"女","name":"lily"},{"age":17,"gender":"女","name":"hanmeimei"}]
//获取索引为1的值,需要强转为JSONObject
JSONObject o1 = (JSONObject)jsonS2.get(0);
System.out.println(o1);
//遍历
// jsonS2.forEach(item-> System.out.println(item));
jsonS2.forEach(System.out::println);
//转化为java ArrayList
List<User> users = JSON.parseArray(s2, User.class);
System.out.println(users);
}
转化复杂的json数据,需要一步一步转换,获取相应的数据可以使用getJSONArray(),getJSONObject()方法
@Test
public void test3(){
//复杂数据转json对象,与上面的一样
JSONObject objectS3 = JSONObject.parseObject(s3);
//拿到result JSONArray
JSONArray result = objectS3.getJSONArray("result");
//遍历result
result.forEach(System.out::println);
//获取指定索引的值
JSONObject o = result.getJSONObject(1);
System.out.println(o.getString("name")); //lily
//将json数组转换为List
List<Integer> numArr = JSON.parseArray(s5, Integer.class);
System.out.println(numArr);
//将result转换为List对象
List<User> users = JSON.parseArray(objectS3.getJSONArray("result").toJSONString(), User.class);
System.out.println(users);//[User{name='tom', age=18, gender='男'}, User{name='lily', age=19, gender='女'}, User{name='hanmeimei', age=17, gender='女'}]
}
先准备一个Map和一个List
private HashMap<String, String> map1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
private List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
private List<User> list2 = new ArrayList<>();
使用JSONObject.toJSONString()方法来将对象转换为json字符串
@Test
public void test1(){
map1.put("apple","新鲜的苹果"); //向集合中添加对象
map1.put("computer","配置优良的计算机");
map1.put("book","堆积成山的图书");
System.out.println(map1);
//map对象转json字符串
String s = JSONObject.toJSONString(map1);
System.out.println(s);
//java对象转json字符串
String s1 = JSONObject.toJSONString(new User("tom", 18, "男"));
System.out.println(s1);
}
转换数组也是一样:
@Test
public void test2(){
Collections.addAll(list1,"tom","18","男");
System.out.println(list1);
//ArrayList转json字符串
String s = JSONObject.toJSONString(list1);
System.out.println(s);
//java对象的ArrayList转json字符串
Collections.addAll(list2,new User("tom",18,"男"),new User("lily",16,"女"));
System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSONString(list2));
}