关于日期的计算,很多朋友们都喜欢用时间戳来直接相加,比如希望得到当前时间之后30天的时间,会这么写代码: 直接把 new Data().getTime() 方法得到的时间戳加上30天对应的毫秒数,也就是30天 * 24小时 * 3600秒 * 1000毫秒
Date today = new Date();
Date nextMonth = new Date(today.getTime()+30*24*3600*1000);
System.out.println(today);
System.out.println(nextMonth);
得到的结果可能会让我失败:
Sat Jul 10 07:41:30 CST 2021
Sun Jun 20 14:38:43 CST 2021
得到的日期竟然比当前的日期还好早,你说怎么回事呢?
原因是:
因为 int 发生了溢出
怎样修改呢?我们只要把 30改成30L即可,让其成为long
Date today = new Date();
Date nextMonth = new Date(today.getTime()+30L*24*3600*1000);
System.out.println(today);
System.out.println(nextMonth);
结果:
Sat Jul 10 07:44:38 CST 2021
Mon Aug 09 07:44:38 CST 2021
在java8之前,我们一般使用Calendar类来实现
Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
c.setTime(new Date());
System.out.println(c.getTime());
c.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH,30);
System.out.println(c.getTime());
结果:
Sat Jul 10 07:47:25 CST 2021
Mon Aug 09 07:47:25 CST 2021
使用 Java 8 的日期时间类型,可以直接进行各种计算,更加简洁和方便:
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println(localDateTime.plusDays(30));
下面介绍LocalDateTime的基本用法:
1) 获取一年、月、日
private LocalDateTime localDateTime = null;
@Before
public void init(){
localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
}
@Test
public void test1(){
System.out.println("Year:"+localDateTime.getYear());
System.out.println("Month:"+localDateTime.getMonth().getValue());
System.out.println("Day of Month:"+localDateTime.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.println("Day of Week:"+ localDateTime.getDayOfWeek());
System.out.println("Day of Year:"+localDateTime.getDayOfYear());
}
结果:
Year:2021
Month:7
Day of Month:10
Day of Week:SATURDAY
Day of Year:191
System.out.println("Hour:"+localDateTime.getHour());
System.out.println("Minute :"+localDateTime.getMinute());
System.out.println("Second:"+localDateTime.getSecond());
System.out.println("Nano:"+localDateTime.getNano());
结果:
Hour:8
Minute :17
Second:32
Nano:50000000
可以使用各种 minus 和 plus 方法直接对日期进行加减操作,比如如下代码实现了减一天和加一天,以及减一个月和加一个月
System.out.println("minus days:"+ localDateTime.minusDays(1));
System.out.println("minus months:"+localDateTime.minusMonths(1));
System.out.println("minus year: "+localDateTime.minusYears(1));
System.out.println("minus Hours:"+localDateTime.minusHours(1));
System.out.println("minus seconds:"+localDateTime.minusSeconds(1));
LocalDateTime 类提供以下API比较LocalDateTime 对象在Java中。
LocalDateTime dateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2021,5,7,9,22,22);
LocalDateTime dateTime2 = LocalDateTime.of(2021,6,7,9,22,22);
LocalDateTime dateTime3 = LocalDateTime.of(2021,5,7,9,22,22);
if(dateTime1.isBefore(dateTime2)){
System.out.println("dateTime1 is before dateTime2");
}
if(dateTime2.isAfter(dateTime3)){
System.out.println("dateTime2 is after dateTime3");
}
if(dateTime1.equals(dateTime3)){
System.out.println("dateTime1 is equal to dateTime3");
}
if(dateTime1.compareTo(dateTime3) ==0){
System.out.println("dateTime1 is equal to dateTime3");
}
System.out.println("//本月的第一天");
System.out.println(LocalDate.now().with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfMonth()));
System.out.println("//今年的程序员日");
System.out.println(LocalDate.now().with(TemporalAdjusters.firstDayOfYear()).plusDays(255));
System.out.println("//今天之前的一个周六");
System.out.println(LocalDate.now().with(TemporalAdjusters.previous(DayOfWeek.SATURDAY)));
System.out.println("//本月最后一个工作日");
System.out.println(LocalDate.now().with(TemporalAdjusters.lastInMonth(DayOfWeek.FRIDAY)));
System.out.println(LocalDate.now().with(temporal -> temporal.plus(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100), ChronoUnit.DAYS)));
除了计算外,还可以判断日期是否符合某个条件。比如,自定义函数,判断指定日期是否是家庭成员的生日:
public class DateTimeTest {
private static LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(isFamilyBirthday(localDateTime));
}
public static Boolean isFamilyBirthday(LocalDateTime date) {
int month = date.getMonthValue();
int day = date.getDayOfMonth();
if (month == Month.JULY.getValue() && day == 10)
return Boolean.TRUE;
if (month == Month.SEPTEMBER.getValue() && day == 21)
return Boolean.TRUE;
if (month == Month.MAY.getValue() && day == 22)
return Boolean.TRUE;
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
}